What Is The Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby

In â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, F. Scott Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is illusory and can never be fulfilled. He suggests this concept through Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, and Myrtle Wilson. When these people try to purse this unfulfilling dream, only sadness and failure is left for them to feel. In the 1920’s, everyone was following a never ending train of disappointment and failure know as the American Dream. The American Dream was the belief that through hard work, determination and initiative, every citizen of the United States would be flourishing with money and expensive things. This may have been true, but no matter how hard anyone worked they were always looking for the next best thing leaving†¦show more content†¦In chapter three, readers are introduced to the lavish world of Jay Gatsby. All through the week Gatsby throws extravagant parties at his mansion in West Egg. Anyone from anywhere attends to bask in the w orld of Gatsby. There are tremendous amounts of alcohol, music, shows, and games all to be enjoyed. The day before the party, Nick Carraway receives an invitation to the party. Nick willingly goes in hopes to meet Mr. Gatsby. As Nick arrives at the party he starts his hunt to find him and thank him for the invitation. As Nick shuffles from rooms to gardens asking if anyone has seen Mr. Gatsby, Nick figures out nobody really knows him. Late into the evening Nick is finally introduced to Gatsby. The two talk for a few minutes, but then Gatsby takes a phone call. Later Nick then watches Gatsby from a distance and notices Gatsby doesn’t drink. Gatsby stands from a distance away from his guests and just watches. Gatsby watches and doesn’t participate in his own party because he’s keeping himself together incase a certain guest might arrive. In chapter four you learn of Gatsby’s quest of the American Dream. Before Daisy Buchanan married Tom she was in love with Jay Gatsby and he was in love with her. Their relationship ended when Gatsby went to war. Gatsby begged Daisy to wait for him, but Daisy chose wealth over him by marring Tom. In this chapter readers find out that from Jordan Baker that Gatsby moved to West Egg to be closeShow MoreRelatedScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath1720 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath In the novels The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influenceRead MoreThe Importance Of The Great Gatsby Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporate themes that are understandable and relatable to a high school student’s life. This makes a book want to be read as well as enjoyable. The Great Gatsby is an essential book for all high school students because allows for students to engage in the text through the use of symbolism, it educates students about the different influences of the 1920’s, and instills many important lessons to students that are applicable to any point in time. In F.Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, NickRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagesevents and themes that occurred around him. One of Fitzgerald’s most popular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I were known for mass productions of alcohol, grand parties, and greed for money. In The Great GatsbyRead MoreTheme Of Money In The Great Gatsby1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby is such a prominent novel of the 1920s. Many authors and critics have written on the impact of the novel even up until today. Fitzgerald expresses multiple themes to show the time and its importance. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, reveals wealth, h ope, and the demise of the American dream as major themes of his novel. Fitzgerald, interestingly enough, brings the importance of money into this novel early and refocuses on it often. Nick starts off the novel saying, Read MoreEssay about Great Gatsby862 Words   |  4 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby / Gatsbys Desire for Daisy exploring why Gatsby had such an obsessive desire for Daisy. The writer purports that Gatsby began by pursuing an ideal, not the real woman. In fact, he could not recognize the type of person she had become since they last saw each other. Gatsby lives in a dream world and Daisy is part of that dream. As the novel progresses, however, Gatsbys feelings change. Bibliography lists Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby : The Role of NickRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald1296 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Gatsby Told by Nick Caraway, and written by Scott F. Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby is a classic novel that gives readers a glimpse inside the lives of the wealthy during the roaring 20s. The story follows the lives of Jay Gatsby, a man of new money, Daisy Buchanan, a married girl of old money, and Tom Buchanan, Daisy’s deceitful husband. Jay Gatsby is a man of mystery, with seemly unlimited funds, who throws ridiculous outrageous parties for no apparent reason. It’s learned that he hasRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pagespublished The Great Gatsby, a novel that would later become one of the best known pieces of classic literature in history. However, at the time of its publication, Gatsby was fairly unpopular ad the reviews were never consistent. As shocking as it may seem, I believe it is because Fitzgerald’s intelligence and creativity levels were way ahead of his time, which is evident when one pays clos e attention to the themes of the novel. Forgiveness, love, and memory of the past are just a few themes you willRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Great Gatsby 1673 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Great Gatsby Dreams are a compelling force in people’s lives. They are what propel them forward each and every day in an effort to reach something better. The American Dream has been sought after by millions all over the world for hundreds of years. This country was founded on the belief that anyone could achieve their dreams. However, in the 1920s these hopes and aspirations began to splinter until they ultimately shattered. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott FitzgeraldRead MoreThemes Of The Twenties In The Great Gatsby1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe great Gatsby was regarded as a brilliant source of social commentary of the roaring twenties- a time period of wealth, excitement, and economic boom. Much like the characters and the settings of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the twenties are a time when people thought they had the American dream. Fitzgerald provides a superb source of commentary on society and the economic standpoint of America in the twenties, and for this reaso n, the reader can infer much about the book, from the period, andRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ seems to suggest that Gatsby s rags-to-riches success story makes him an embodiment of the American Dream. However, upon deeper of his character has yielded that there are aspects of Jay Gatsby that call into question his so called success. As a result, I have concluded that F.Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, although still displays the overarching theme that is the American Dream it, in fact, portrays ‘The disintegration of the American dream’ through the character

Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public...

â€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is culture as well as country-specific. Politicians and public servants especially those in high positions are hailed as models of integrity, and the public expects nothing more but honor and morality from them since they were elected or appointed to†¦show more content†¦Though the core values may be different depending on what function you are performing or what phase of the political process you’re in, the general values are common, to treat citizens with respect, fairness and integrity, to be impartial and reasonable in your actions and to ensure accountability , effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of service. Accountability is not an entirely different matter. As we all know, accountability is one of the four pillars of governance. It states that the person in charge or responsible for the action should be held liable on the effects and consequences of that action. It is a condition in which the individuals who exercise power are restrained by external means and by internal norms to abide to the standard behavior. The administrator in charge and who issued the order would account for his stewardship or resources or authority when the time comes that an institutions of a system of checks and balances inspect their organization. There is an appropriate provision in the Philippine Constitution which sets the standards of behavior for public officials. It is the Constitutional Provisions. According to the 1987 Constitution, Article XI Section 1: Accountability of public officers Public Office is public trust, Public Officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the pe ople, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act withShow MoreRelatedEthics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is cultureRead MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 Pagespresents the insights of selected academics on local governance of the Barangay, the basic political unit (BPU) in the Philippines. Participants were pre†selected and their representations were determined using the ethnographic technique with the property of conversation (pakikipagkwentuhan). This inquiry notes that good governance of BPU can be affected by the lack of capabilities of officials; indecisiveness during assumption of duties as officers†in†charge. influence of their siblings and family relatives;Read MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pages239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal andRead MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 Pages.........................................................................................................13 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................15 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN UNIVERSITIES .....................................................................................................19 THE CURRENT STATE OF HEIS IN CAMBODIA ......................................................25 CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCHRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesprinted on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether-David Editorial Director: Paul Ducham Managing Developmental Editor: Laura Hurst Spell Developmental Editor: Jane Beck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator:Read MoreHuman Security7486 Words   |  30 Pages 7 2. Integration with human development... 8 3. Data mapping.................................... 8 Potential areas of analysis ..................10 1. Comprehensive-mapping reports ... 10 2. State-building reports..................... 10 3. Citizen security reports ................. 12 4. (Lead) Challenge-driven reports ... 13 Resources....................................... 15 What is Human Security? The human security approach was introduced in the 1994 global Human Development ReportRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesPlanning Commission, SEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchange reporter 6 Ethics for business journalism. Should itRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesyouth. 400 Million are aged between 20 and 39 (Only 110 million in Western Europe ) and constitute the main labor force. These people are well educated, enthusiastic about business entrepreneurship, eager to work as much as they can. They focus on ethics and values. They show a real openness to the world. The Chinese youth is better prepared than the European youth to the coming world. In our opinion, it is the most important asset of China. 2-What are the consequences for the world communityRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesImplementing and Managing IT 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Chapter 17 IT Strategy and Planning Information Technology Economics Acquiring IT Applications and Infrastructure Security Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Movie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that takeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public... â€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is culture as well as country-specific. Politicians and public servants especially those in high positions are hailed as models of integrity, and the public expects nothing more but honor and morality from them since they were elected or appointed to that†¦show more content†¦Also the punishment for those caught should be swift and certain so that it may be more effective than severe punishments with an extremely low probability of being imposed. Appointive officials should follow the Code of Ethical Standards of Public Officials and Employees. When they manage, they must create a climate of trust but they must still su pervise through effective oversight. â€Å"Trust but verify† (transparency accountability) In their personnel procedures, ethics should be introduced in the recruitment and advancement process. Whistle-blowers should not only be protected, but also rewarded. (Accountability for their personnel) Citizens should avoid bribing and corrupting the officials themselves. There would be no bribes for the officials to accept in the first if someone hadn’t given it to them. They must ensure active participation towards the abolition of corruption in our system. Also they should not always mistrust our government because there are still good people there. Trust is something earned and not given, and a party is always innocent until proven guilty. (Predictability on people’s reaction: trust and mistrust based on government performance) Civil society can serve as specialized anti-corruption agencies and can perform an important role by providing checks on government use of p ower andShow MoreRelatedEthics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society1180 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is cultureRead MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 Pagespresents the insights of selected academics on local governance of the Barangay, the basic political unit (BPU) in the Philippines. Participants were pre†selected and their representations were determined using the ethnographic technique with the property of conversation (pakikipagkwentuhan). This inquiry notes that good governance of BPU can be affected by the lack of capabilities of officials; indecisiveness during assumption of duties as officers†in†charge. influence of their siblings and family relatives;Read MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pages239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal andRead MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 Pages.........................................................................................................13 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................15 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN UNIVERSITIES .....................................................................................................19 THE CURRENT STATE OF HEIS IN CAMBODIA ......................................................25 CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCHRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesprinted on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether-David Editorial Director: Paul Ducham Managing Developmental Editor: Laura Hurst Spell Developmental Editor: Jane Beck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator:Read MoreHuman Security7486 Words   |  30 Pages 7 2. Integration with human development... 8 3. Data mapping.................................... 8 Potential areas of analysis ..................10 1. Comprehensive-mapping reports ... 10 2. State-building reports..................... 10 3. Citizen security reports ................. 12 4. (Lead) Challenge-driven reports ... 13 Resources....................................... 15 What is Human Security? The human security approach was introduced in the 1994 global Human Development ReportRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesPlanning Commission, SEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchange reporter 6 Ethics for business journalism. Should itRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesyouth. 400 Million are aged between 20 and 39 (Only 110 million in Western Europe ) and constitute the main labor force. These people are well educated, enthusiastic about business entrepreneurship, eager to work as much as they can. They focus on ethics and values. They show a real openness to the world. The Chinese youth is better prepared than the European youth to the coming world. In our opinion, it is the most important asset of China. 2-What are the consequences for the world communityRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesImplementing and Managing IT 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Chapter 17 IT Strategy and Planning Information Technology Economics Acquiring IT Applications and Infrastructure Security Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Movie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that takeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

How Is The Energy Generated Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Hydro engineering relies on H2O to reproduce electrical energy. Water is one of the most abundant beginnings in the universe we live in today. The force per unit area of the H2O will turn the turbines and generators to reproduce the electricity that so many people to a great extent depend on today. We will write a custom essay sample on How Is The Energy Generated Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This engineering is clearly the manner frontward in respects to providing the general populace with clean renewable energy. Introduction This study will be concentrating on the Renewable energy beginning of Hydro engineering that is used in the universe today. It will be discoursing how this energy is transformed from kinetic energy into electrical energy, the constituents and different types of turbines that are used to build this engineering. How much power can be generated from this Renewable energy beginning. The study will be discoursing Ireland ‘s largest Hydro power station Ardnacrusha in Co. Clare. This study will discourse the advantages disadvantages of utilizing this energy beginning to provide electricity to the populace and the new advanced underwater turbines. Hydro Technology Hydro engineering is a renewable energy that is one of the most abundant that is available today. Hydro power is supplied by bring forthing energy from falling H2O or cyclosis H2O and even sea H2O. This means that all these beginnings can be renewed. Unlike other energy beginnings that are most normally used like coal, gas and rough oil, the fact of the affair is that we will ne’er run out of H2O to the full, so we can safely state that this H2O can besides be renewed after we have used it. ( Lenntech n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm # ixzz1dEQL6A2E When rain H2O falls or flows depending on the environment/application energy will be generated. This power coevals of H2O is carried out in big power workss, this will include a figure of process stairss and the usage of power coevals equipment such as turbines and generators. The energy that is expelled from the H2O can be used to bring forth electricity. ( Lenntech n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm # ixzz1dETAw6Pv There are two chief factors involved in the operation of hydro engineering. The perpendicular autumn of H2O this is known as the caput this is indispensable for hydro power coevals. Fast streamlined H2O by itself does non hold sufficient energy merely on a big scale illustration of this would be the ocean, this is why the caput is so of import. Large scale coevals would imply the likes of ocean turbines that would be situated on the sea bed. So for smaller graduated table production the caput and flow rate are indispensable. There are two basic turbines that are used in this industry they are called reaction turbines and impulse turbines. The reaction turbine, this type of turbine is turned by the force/pressure of the H2O. The blades are mounted on the go arounding rotor these are called traveling blades. An illustration of this turbine is the Francis and Propeller turbine. ( Tpub n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tpub.com/content/engine/14105/css/14105_164.htm Figure 1 shows a David Darling Francis reaction turbine. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.daviddarling.info/images/Francis_turbine.jpg Figure ( David Darling n.d. ) Impulse turbines are turned/driven when a high speed of H2O which is directed from a nozzle hits of the vanes or pail. These vanes or pails are attached to a wheel which so turns the turbine and removes the kinetic energy from the H2O. ( David Darling n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/I/AE_impulse_turbine.html Figure 2 below shows the impulse turbine that are used in hydro engineering. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.leander-project.homecall.co.uk/Engines/Impulse.jpg Figure ( leander-project.homecall.co.uk n.d. ) The turbines that have been mentioned above are non suited for all the same applications as different power station will differ. For illustration a hydro station that will hold a caput tallness of over 200 meters, the pelton impulse turbine will be suited. For applications that range between 6 meters and 300 meters the Francis and Kaplin reaction turbines will be suited. For extremist low caput highs between 6 and 8 meters the reaction turbine which includes the reversible Gorlovka and the Francis tally over river turbines may be installed. The Francis turbines where the most common types used in early portion of this century but have since been superseded by the propellor turbine, this turbine is more compact and can be run in the same application. The Francis and Pelton have a good efficiency of around 70 to 85 % . Many of these turbines are still in topographic point today as they so where so normally used many old ages ago. How is the Energy Generated A hydro power works will dwell of a high H2O dike, this dike will be built across a river this in bend will now make a reservoir to incorporate the H2O, the station will house the turbines and generators this is where the procedure will take topographic point to pull out the energy organize the H2O and convert this energy to electricity. The first measure is gather the H2O, the beginning of the H2O will be from natural rain, rivers and streams all of these will be directed to the reservoir. This is called the hydrological rhythm. After all the H2O has been gathered the H2O will fall through the dike and into the hydropower works this in bend will get down to turn the turbine. The turbine will now get down to drive the generator the shaft will get down to revolve which will turn a figure of barons that are inside the generator this procedure produces the electricity. The power that is usually generated by this type of engineering is 10.5 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 10,500 Vs. Step up transformers will increase the electromotive forces to the desired end product for local distribution this will be 40 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 40,000 Vs and for longer distribution this will be stepped up once more to 110 Kv ( kilo Vs ) 110,000 Vs. This procedure does non do any pollution as no harmful chemicals are added to the H2O, after the H2O has been used it will be dispersed back into the river merely as how it came in. ( Lenntech n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm # ixzz1dFVeQ8ii Under Water Turbines Under H2O turbines are progressively being installed today. They are soundless, unseeable, predictable and come from a renewable energy beginning. Twice a twenty-four hours every twenty-four hours the tides will alter high tide and low tide. The H2O flows in and out of the seashore lines and estuaries. The force of these tides will whirl the turbines in both waies which will in bend produce electricity. The turbines will be situated at the underside of the sea bed so they will non blockade any marine traffic. These turbines are now being produced in Ireland today by Open Hydro and have new innovated designs characteristics so they do n’t hold any impact on the marine environment. A big gap in the Centre will supply equal infinite for marine life to go through safely. These new sleek designs will guarantee that fish and any other marine life will be able to go through with easiness and non go embroiled within the turbine. These new turbines do non utilize any lubricating fluids that may be harmful pollution to the marine environment. ( Open Hydro n.d. ) www.openhydro.com The universe has many oceans which mean that there is a immense resource for non fouling renewable energy. Around the universe there are many major tidal watercourse, these can be identified within every continent doing this natural resource available everyplace in the universe. It has been stated that if 0.1 % of the oceans energy was harvested it would be able to fulfill the planetary demand by more than five times over. Beginning: UK Marine Foresight Panel Figure 3 below shows the submerged turbines that are produced in Ireland by Open Hydro. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.openhydro.com/images/devGal4.jpg Figure ( unfastened hydro n.d. ) *Source: UK Marine Foresight Panel. Ireland ‘s Hydro Power Station Ireland ‘s first hydro power station was commissioned in 1929 at the Ardnacrushafacility is Co. Clare. This is Ireland ‘s largest hydro river strategy. It is operated on a intent built canal which is connected to the river Shannon. This power generating works is made of three Francis perpendicular shaft turbine generators and there is one Kaplan perpendicular shaft turbine generator this turbine was non commissioned until 1934. The Ardnacrusha installation has an one-year end product of 332,000 Mwh ( mega W hours ) . This power is generated at 10.5 KV ( kilo Vs ) 10,500 Vs. This power is so transformed utilizing a measure up transformer to 40 KV 40,000 Vs for local distribution and 110 KV 110,000 Vs for long distance distribution. When the installation was foremost built in 1929 the end product of the works was 86 MW 86,000 ( mega Watts ) this was equal to run into the full electricity demand of Ireland. The caput tallness of this hydro works is 28.5 meters which is the e quivalent of around 95 feet.Today theArdnacrusha works merely represents 2 % of the ESB ‘s entire installed capacity. ( ESB n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.esb.ie/main/about-esb/ardnacrusha.jsp Figure 4 below shows the ESB ‘s Ardnacrusha installation in Co. Clare. hypertext transfer protocol: //b.vimeocdn.com/ts/125/790/125790166_640.jpg Figure ( vimeo n.d. ) Advantages and Disadvantages Hydro power has a high sum of utile energy and has a low cost of runing with really small care costs. These types of workss emit really small emanations during their operation. The submerged turbines are non seeable to oculus they are besides soundless. They besides have a life span of two to ten times that of a coal or atomic works. The dike will assist environing countries from deluging. However there are some disadvantages hydro power Stationss take up a batch of infinite this will hold a knock on consequence to animal home grounds and wildlife. Large dikes will interrupt the flow of rivers. With big dikes and reservoirs fish may be unable to swim to the sea mercantile establishment this will hold an consequence on the aquatic life and may diminish fish stocks in the surrounding seashore lines. ( Lenntech n.d. ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lenntech.com/water-energy-faq.htm # ixzz1dFvvPjIL Decision Hydro engineering uses a complete renewable energy to bring forth electrical. This type of engineering is a really sustainable manner to reproduce energy with really small emanations being released during the procedure. The thought of seting the turbines underwater is really efficient manner to bring forth electricity around sea countries due to the fact that people populating on these seashore lines clearly do n’t desire air current turbine environing at that place country as people maintain that the turbines obstruct the scenic position. How to cite How Is The Energy Generated Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Love and O. Henry free essay sample

Della is willing to sell her precious hair to buy Jim a platinum chain. Jim iswilling to sell his precious watch to buy Della a tortoiseshell comb. Living in a very poor condition can not prevent Jim and Della from giving their sweetheart aChristmas gift-a gift that they hope it can make their lover happy. A gift is importantand valuable only when it derives from the compassion, from the heart. The gifts inthe story turn out to be useless in the purpose of using, but it is priceless in the purpose of bringing happiness. With this meaning, Jim and Della are not only theMagi for each other, but also the Magi for all the readers. That is one of the reasonswhy the title â€Å"The gift of the Magi† is matched. O. Henry gives all his heart for the characters: Jim and Della. At the end of thestory, his love for the characters is expressed clearly through his words â€Å"The Magi,as you know, were wise men†¦And here I have lamely related to you the chronicleof two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other thegreatest treasures of their house†. O. Henry admires the characters for their bravery,their sacrifice and foolishness in love. With his caring for the characters, O. Henry portrays Jim and Della like the Magi who brings gift and happiness for others. Happiness is the value which people never stop trying to find in their life. It isdepicted in an emotional way in the story: love can create magic and happiness. Readers can feel Jim and Della’s love spreading, shining in the story. It makes thereaders also â€Å"fall in love† with Jim and Della. Without love and sympathy for thecharacters, O. Henry could not have portrayed such a successful and emotional lovestory. That is one of the reasons why he calls his story â€Å"The gift of the Magi Cau 2: How was love between Jim and Della portraged in story? O. Henry never goes into elaborate, flowery, romatic details on their emotions for one another. There is nothing super cheesy or dramatic. There are statements, simply put, here and there, that relay the depth of their emotions, but they are never overdone. For example, O. Henry writes of Dellas affections for Jim, that Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. So, the time that she spent planning on getting him something, was a happy time; she loved him so much that her sacrifice for him was happiness. Henry goes on, stating that Della wants to get something worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. She feels Jim a very wonderful person, and to be owned by him is an honor. So, those statements relay her depth of emotion. For the most part however, O. Henry lets the actions of the characters portray the depth of their love for one another, rather than words. Della is willing, with barely any hesitation, to sacrifice her most prized possession-her hair-to get something nice for Jim. And Jim, is likewise willing to sacrifice his precious watch for her. It is not that they want to show off how wealthy they are, but that they want to give a token of the depth of their love. So, O. Henry shows the depth of their emotion through the great sacrifice that the two characters make. They show their love in action and selflessness. 2. True love is unselfish, rather self-sacrificing. Jim Della are a couple who truly love each other, though they didnt have resources enough to make a show of their mutual love. Nevertheless, Della sold the best of her personal possessions, her beautifully cascading hair, to buy a gifta platinum chain for Jims watch; Jim too sold his most treasured possession, his gold watch, to buy a set of combs for Della. When they met, Jim was surprised to find that Dellas long hair was gone; Della too came to know that Jim parted with his watch. None of them could make use of the others gift, but both of them discovered how deep their love was. Both Della Jim were forgetful of their personal losses, and this self-forgetfulness is the essence of true love. Cau 3: What stylistic devices were used in the Gift of the Magi? Analy their effect Style used in The Gift of the Magi: IRONY Irony is a kind of device which is used in literature to increase the value of the work. Irony consists of saying one thing while you mean another. There are several kinds of Irony in the literature. But this story deals with the situational Irony. When their gifts become useless for themselves, it creates the situational Irony. Because gifts are presented by the wisest these gifts are useful and beneficial for the receivers. â€Å"I could not have lived through Christmas without giving you a present† â€Å"Being wise, their gifts no doubt wise ones†¦ two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other† HUMOR In writing or speaking ‘HUMOUR’ can mean ‘MOOD’ or ‘CHARACTER’ but the word also denotes ‘that which causes laughter. ’ In the very beginning of this story, the way how THE DILLINGHAMS were spending their lives was pathetic and humorous as well. â€Å"There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  SYMBOLISM/IMAGERY A symbol is something which represents something else (often an idea or quality) analogy or association. The Dillingham were so poor that they were living in miserable condition. Their misery is symbolized through this sentence. â€Å"†¦ and looked out dully at a grey cat walking a grey fence in a grey backyard† Color imagery also exists in this short story. â€Å"She turned white for just a moment. † COMPARISON O’ Henry uses a colorful comparison in a mastery way to attract his readers. He describes the beauty of his heroine in a splendid comparison. Comparison is a device which shoes the value of something than other on the basis of quality. â€Å"Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds† â€Å"Being wise, their gifts no doubt wise ones†¦ two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other† SIMILE A figure of speech usually used in prose and verse. Similes always contain the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. Here the writer uses simile of cascade for the beauty of Della’s hair. â€Å"Della’s beautiful hair fell like a cascade of brown water. † After cutting her hair off Della was looking like a schoolboy. â€Å"That made her looks like a truant schoolboy. † ALLUSION Allusion is a historical or Biblical reference. The main motive of the usage of allusion is to relate the present events and characters with the previous incidents and persons and to enhance the attraction knowledge of the readers. â€Å"Had the question of Sheba lived in the flat across the Airshaft? † â€Å"Had King Solomon been the Janitor? † â€Å"The Magi – who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. † REITERATION It means the repetition of phrases and clauses again and again. It shows character’s physical or psychological condition in the story. â€Å"One dollar and eighty seven cents. † â€Å"Like a Cascade of brown waters. † THIRD PERSON OMNISCIENT O’ Henry often uses third person to evaluate or narrate this story. Omniscient means a story-teller with total, God like knowledge of the characters and their actions. â€Å"She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present. † â€Å"He looked thin and very serious. † Themes in The Gift of The Magi: Theme means the central idea of some work which may explicit or not. A single work may have several themes. LOVE Love means the attraction between two persons or entities there are two kinds of Love in this universe, mortal and immortal Love or worldly or spiritual Love. Love is an abstract noun but it can be materialized through the presentation of gifts. The presentation of gifts in friendship increases he passion of Love. This is the story of two Lovers, husband wife. They have to celebrate their Christmas ceremony through giving and receiving the gifts to each other. Della sells her beautiful hair to present a gift to Jim. As Jim also buy a wondrous gift for Della. â€Å"Maybe the hairs of my head were number of. † â€Å"But nobody could ever count My Love for You. † â€Å"I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. SACRIFICE Sacrifice is one of the major themes of â€Å"the gift of the Magi† Both gift and sacrifice are the expression of Love. Gifts are presented in the shape of objects and things as well as the devotion of the physical efforts. However, the devotion of physical efforts through the depth of heart shows the purity of Love. Della and James sacrifice for each other. Della says, â€Å"I had my hair cut off and sold because I could not have lived through Christmas with out giving you a presents. † â€Å"I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. † POVERTY Poverty is also discussed in this short story. ‘The Dillingham’ were so poor and leading a miserable life. Della was very contended and faithful wife. She used to save money on daily basis. The writer also tells us their expenses were high than their income. †Expenses had been greater than she had calculated† That’s why they sold their possessions to presents the gifts to each other. CONCLUSION After the whole discussion, we can say that ‘The Gift of the Magi’ is O’ Henry’s masterpiece. ‘The Gift of the Magi’ held so much popularity that many writers wrote OPERAS and many singers sang that OPERAS. These short stories are derived from the life of the ordinary people in New York City. O’ Henry uses twist plot in his stories, which turn on ironic or coincidental circumstance. Although some critics are not so enthusiastic about his work yet the public loves it. The Gift of The Magi Study Guide By M Zaman Ali. Cau 4: Analyze the main character of the My Oedipus complex Analysis O’Connor’s ‘My Oedipus Complex’ Using Psychoanalysis Discourse† A literary work is just like a dream. It is the representation of one’s reality experience. It is full of fiction, figurative, and mystery, but sometimes filled by the hidden truth. In order to reveal the truth that lies in it, we should interpret and analyze it before the truth could be understood. And one of the means to analyze it is by using the psychoanalysis discourse. When we talk about psychology and literature, we may mean the psychological study of writer, as type and as individual, or the study of creative process, the study of psychological types and laws present within works of creature, or finally, the effects of literature upon its reader. (Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren, 1949:81) from those four kind relationships of literature and psychology, I’ll take a study in the first relationship. It is because the literary work will never be freed from the psychology of the writers. As the writers are like the daydreamer who creates the dream as the result of their activity, so do the writers. The writers create the literary work as the result of their thought whether it is real or not. And in creating this work, the writer will never be apart from their background of life, whether it is the experience of their personal, social, or spiritual life. In the using psychoanalysis discourse as the means to analyze and interpret the literary works, besides we have to know more the background of life of the writer, we also have to study further inside it that is about the structure of its work. From any kind genre of literary works, I’ll take a study on prose or short story. Short story is one of any kind of literary work genre which has the clear plot which always describes a certain case to us. In the short story, we could analyze the intention and emotion that the writers want to reveal through the sentences that their used. In this case, I’m really interested in one of short story that created by Frank O’Connor entitled â€Å"My Oedipus Complex†. Therefore, I propose some discussion questions for helping me in analyzing that story, such as: 1. Why does O’Connor tell this story from a first person narrator point of view? 2. How does O’Connor manage the shift of mood of Larry toward his mother and father? 3. How does O’Connor’s story fits into Psychoanalysis theory of Oedipus complex (Sigmund Freud theory)? 4. How this short story does finally become the reflection of O’Connor’s life? For answering those questions, first of all we have to know more about the structure of this story, which in this case is point of view. Point of view itself can be defined as how the story is perceived by the author and viewed by the readers. In this case, O’Connor use first person narrator as his point of view. In a first-person narrative the story is relayed by a narratorwho is also a character within the story, so that the narrator reveals the plot by referring to this viewpoint character as I. First-person narrative brings the reader into the main characters mind, heart and experiences on a personal level. It also limits how much storytelling or description is allowed, since everything has to be described as it is seen or experienced by that one character. The writer cannot tell us what other characters are thinking or what other characters experience, except as observations by the main character. Therefore, the first person point of view is not always allowing the audience to be able to comprehend some of the other characters thoughts, feelings, or understandings as much as this one character. In this case, the narrator gives and withholds information based on his/her own viewing of events. (Rachel Mork, â€Å"Points of View in Literature†). From the above explanation, we can see that in â€Å"My Oedipus Complex†, Connor use technique first person narrative such in the sentences below: â€Å"One morning, I got into the big bed, and there, sure enough, was Father in his usual Santa Claus manner, but later, instead of uniform, he put on his best blue suit, and Mother was as pleased as anything. I saw nothing to be pleased about, because, out of uniform, Father was altogether less interesting, but she only beamed, and explained that our prayers had been answered, and off we went to Mass to thank God for having brought Father safely home. â€Å" O’Connor told this story through Larry, the child, who became the first person narrator. We can see from the beginning till the end, how the â€Å"I† controlled this whole story. It is as if he only wanted to show his feeling about his mother and father with limiting explanations about the other character’s thinking or feeling. Larry seems always make any judgments and opinions through his authority as the first person narrator. Even so by using the first person, Connor wants to bring the reader come closer to Larry. Connor wanted the reader feel the same feeling as Larry’s. Connor also manages the shifts of mood of Larry as well as he manages his point of view. The shift of mood of Larry toward the other characters is related to the characterization that used by Connor. The characterization itself is the process of conveying information about characters in narrative. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, or thoughts. In this story, Larry who has double role as the narrator and the main character was characterized dramatically. (Wikipedia, Characterization) Dramatic means here Connor lets the character flow through his behaviors and his dialogues. Through this dramatic technique used by Connor we could see the shift of mood of Larry toward his father. For instance, in the beginning of the story, Larry show the sign of excitement of his father coming by using the phrase â€Å"Santa Claus† and â€Å"I rather liked his visit†. â€Å"These were Father’s entrances and exits. Like Santa Claus he came and went mysteriously. In fact, I rather liked his visits, though it was an uncomfortable squeeze between Mother and him when I got into the big bed in the early morning. † But then as Larry knew that his father didn’t become the army again, it showed by putting off his shirt, Larry felt threatened. Larry was afraid of losing his mother attention that he used to get before his father had arrived. Through his behavior and thought, we could see how Larry’s mood changed toward his father. He always tried to interrupt in each time his mother and father was chatting. We could also see how Larry cared about his mother appearance. A behavior which rarely to be found in ordinary boy, which he so cared about his mother appearance because of his father bad trait toward his mother. It showed through the below sentences: â€Å"One morning, I got into the big bed, and there, sure enough, was Father in his usual Santa Claus manner, but later, instead of uniform, he put on his best blue suit, and Mother was as pleased as anything. I saw nothing to be pleased about, because, out of uniform, Father was altogether less interesting, but she only beamed, and explained that our prayers had been answered, and off we went to Mass to thank God for having brought Father safely home. The irony of it! That very day when he came in to dinner he took off his boots and put on his slippers, donned the dirty old cap he wore about the house to save him from colds, crossed his legs, and began to talk gravely to Mother, who looked anxious. Naturally, I disliked her looking anxious, because it destroyed her good looks, so I interrupted him. † All of this discussion about point of view and characterization of Larry as the main character in this story culminate in one point that Larry got the psychology disorder namely â€Å"Oedipus Complex†. O’Connor is intentionally giving the title just like that in order to allude toward the Greek Mythology, Oedipus the King who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. Later then, based on this mythology, Sigmund Freud (Austrian psychiatrist) made the psychoanalysis discourse. Freud claimed that all human beings are born with certain instincts, i. e. with a natural tendency to satisfy their biologically determined needs for food, shelter and warmth. The satisfaction of these needs is both practical and a source of pleasure which Freud refers to as sexual. Thus, when the infant, sucking at its mothers breast discovers the pleasure inherent in this activity, the first glimmers of sexuality are awakened. The child discovers an erotogenic zone which may be reactivated later in life through thumb sucking or kissing. During the early stages of childhood development, other erotogenic zones emerge. The oral stage, associated with the drive to incorporate objects through the mouth, is followed by the anal stage during which the anus becomes an erotogenic zone as the child takes pleasure in defecation. The next stage the child enters is the phallic stage when the sexual drive is focused on the genitals. (Freud refers to this stage as phallic rather than genital because, he claims, only the male organ is recognized as significant. ) The child in this state is described by Freud as anarchic, sadistic, aggressive, self involved and remorselessly pleasure-seeking. In the phallic stage, a boy’s decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex — his son–father competition for possession of mother. It is in this third stage of psychosexual development (ages 3–6) that the child’s genitalia are his or her primary erogenous zone; thus, when children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents, they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring themselves, each other, and their genitals, so learning the anatomic differences between â€Å"male† and â€Å"female† and the gender differences between â€Å"boy† and â€Å"girl†. According to Freud, a boys close relation to his mother, as the primary love-object, leads to a desire for complete union with her. The boy will eventually abandon his incestuous desire for his mother out of fear of being castrated by his father. (This fear arises when the boy comes to realize that females are castrated and imagines that this may be his fate if he does not subordinate his desire for the mother. ) Thus, the boy represses his incestuous desire, adjusts to the reality principle, and waits for the day when he will be the patriarch. In this way the boy identifies with his father and the symbolic role of manhood. (Psychoanalysis introduction, 1-3) Based on above Freud’s theory, we could say that Larry as the main character of O’Connor’s story got the symptoms of Oedipus complex which Larry felt anxious and threatened by the coming of his father in his life. Larry always spends almost all his time with just his mother while his father is in war. He had made the tight relation between him and his mother. Till he came to age of five, (the phallic stage of Freud’s theory), when his father came from war, he began to feel that his father is the enemy in getting his mother attention. All of these characteristics had pointed out that Larry was entering the phase of Oedipus complex. Then the final question had its turn whether is this story the reflection of O’Connor or not. And for answering this question, we should know more about the background of life of O’Connor. We use the term of psychobiography designates an account of the life of an author that focuses on the subjects psychological development, relying for evidence both on external sources and on the authors own writings. It stresses the role of unconscious and disguised motives in forming the authors personality, and is usually written in accordance with a version, or a revision. (Abrams, 1999:248) O’Connor himself was an Irish author of over 150 works, who was best known for his short stories and books of memoirs. Frank OConnor was raised in an extremely chaotic environment in which his only refuge was his mother, Minnie. While his father was an addicted drunkard who could not refrain from exceeding all credit limits, OConnors mother took full responsibility of the household and supported the family single-handedly. In addition, OConnors father berated him with derogatory comments toward his masculinity. His father found it outlandish that instead of wrestling, Frank preferred to read. As a result, OConnors writing is scarred with the stains of his tumultuous childhood. He has recounted the early years of his life in one of his best books, An Only Child, a memoir not published until 1961, but which had the immediacy of a precocious diary. In fact, writing and books were his safe haven from the terrifying family life he was forced to endure. In the process, OConnor successfully taught himself French and German, which reaped great rewards for him as he would go on to write over 150 short stories. (Wikipedia) As I mentioned before that just same as a dream which come from the reality of a daydreamer, so do the literary works which come from the chains of thought, emotional, and feelings of the writer. The writer or artist (says Freud) is originally a man who turns from reality because he cannot come to terms with the demand for the renunciation of instinctual satisfaction as it is first made, and who then in phantasy-life allows full play to his erotic and ambitious wishes. But he finds a way of return from this world of phantasy back to reality; with his special gifts, he moulds his phantasies into a new kind of reality, and men concede them a justification as valuable reflections of actual life. Thus by a certain path he actually becomes the hero, king, creator, favourite he desired to be, without the circuitous path of creating real alterations in the outer world. (Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren, 1949:82) Looking the biography of Connor and comparing it with Freud’s theory, we could take a note that My Oedipus Complex is one of his short stories that is in compliance with his background of life, especially his childhood. As we knew that childhood is really the most important time in the development time of a child, so whatever it takes and does in childhood, it will affect the adolescence of someone. So do childhood of Connor. He had experienced many bad things in his childhood. He caught up the bad image of father and the hero image of mother. And all of those memories he kept in his minds and feelings. Then he tried to run away from the reality, so that he builds up his own world with just his minds and feelings inside of it. It proved through his works, his short story. He represented Larry as himself in the childhood, who felt threatened, full of fear, and anxious toward his father who always had the bad images in the eyes of him. He was afraid of losing his mother’s love that he considered as the hero for him. But then there is little difference between what happened with Larry in the story and the real life of Connor. As we knew that in the story, Larry finally could accept his father’s presence because he has passed the identification phase of his father manhood. Larry began to respect and loved him as well as a child that should do. â€Å"At Christmas he went out of his way to buy me a really nice model railway. † (O’Connor, Oedipus complex) On the contrary, the life of Connor wasn’t as happy as Larry was. Connor indeed should experience live with the single-parents without the figure of his father beside him. It is because that what happened to Larry are the hopes, wishes, and dreams of Connor who always want live with the happy family. As he failed to experience it in the real life, so he created his dreams and hopes about happy family through the character of his story. Finally, we reach in the part of conclusion. It is we could conclude that Literature and the other arts, like dreams and neurotic symptoms, consist of the imagined, or fantasized, fulfillment of wishes that are either denied by reality or are prohibited by the social standards of morality and propriety. (Abrams, 1999:248) We can never be freed the literary works from the psychology of writer, because literary work, whether it is short story, drama, or poetry, is what it comes from writer minds, and feeling will always relate to their background of they made that works whether it is background of personal experience, spiritual experience, or whatever. And so do O’Connor. He had described what the psychological disorder that happens to children very well than Freud do with his complex theory. Connor showed how the reader could feel what the children feel with his technique of point of view and characterize. Connor succeeds to reflect his background of life which full of fear, anxious, and threaten through the happy ending story which also reflect the dreams and hopes of him. Cau 5: What educational messages do you get from my OEDIPUS complex 1. My psychiatrist told me at our last session that my Oedipal Complex (or Negative Oedipal Complex, or Electra Complex Im a woman, so I know the right term isnt Oedipal Complex) was pristine. What do you think he meant by that? What happened was he used the word seductive to describe my mother (she had come to a family session) and I told him that that had disturbed me. Its bad enough that my father finds her seductive, I said to him. He said that he didnt mean it in a sexual way, then he asked me, Did that make you feel that I love your mother more than I love you? I knew what he was getting at that I need my father to love me more than he loves my mother, so I said, Maybe. Still, it creeped me out a little. I love my psychiatrist but I know that he doesnt love me (and hecertainly doesnt love my mother. ) He said, Your father loves you in a different way than he loves your mother. I said, I understand that (and I do), but I still need him (my father) to love me more. I said, Is that very abnormal? Thats when he brought up Freud and the Oedipal Complex, which he said was very normal. However (and heres the kicker), he said that he had never seen an example of the Oedipal Complex (mine) so pristine before. My psych does have a beautiful way with words, so maybe he was just flourishing. So does pristine equal hopeless? What do you think? Cau 6: Analyze the development of Jane’s feeling in the extract. How was deep love between Jane and Rochester portrayed in the story. Question: Analyze the development of Jane’s feelings in the extract of Jane’scoming back to Thornfield Jane Eyre is the main character as well as the title of the most successful novel byCharlotte Bronte. In the extract describing Jane’s coming back to Thornfield Hall toask for information of her beloved master, the development of Jane’s feeling isdepicted through three stages: before returning to Thornfield, on the way toThornfield and when reaching Thornfield. Before returning to Thornfield, Jane recalled the strange voice that she has heardwhich bent her dicision. It is the voice that she heard gives her a strong will to come back to Thornfield. â€Å"The wonderous shock of feeling had come like an earthquake which shook the foundations of Paul and Silas’ prison, it had opened the doorsof the soul’s cell and loosed its bands-it had wakened it out of its sleep,whence it sprang trembling, listening aghast, the vibrated thrice a cry onmy startled ear and in my quaking heart and through my spirit, whichneither feared nor shock, but exulted as if in joy over the success of oneeffort it had been privileged to make independent of the cumbrous body †For Jane, it’s not a superstition, but a hidden nature of her soul. This is the insidevoice, not the voice from outside, external world. It exists in Jane but it hasn’twakened up yet until this crucial moment-a turning point in her life comes. This voice pulls her out of the fog, brings joy to her and leads her to the place where her heartreally belongs to. At this time, Jane is clear and certain about her decision. She has just overcome herself and decided to come back to Thornfield. On the way to Thornfield, Jane recalled the day one year before when she ranaway from Thornfield. At that time, â€Å"how desolate, and hopeless, and objectless† shewas! Now, in constrast, once more on the road to Thornfield, she â€Å"felt like themessenger-pigeon flying home. † How happy, excited and eager she is! She is flyingwith rosy wings and Thornfield becomes the wind beneath her wings. This landscapeâ€Å"met her eyes like the lineaments of a once familiar face. † She is coming back to her most meaningful place in this world- a place she feels like home. When she reached Thornfield, her feeling became complex. It is mixed of excitement, worrying and fear. Her heart â€Å"leapt up† when she reached Thornfieldfinally. However, â€Å"it fell again, the thought struck it. † Now, her mind takes over her Question: What do you think about the love between Jane and Rochester asdepicted in the extract of Jane’s coming back to Thornfield? â€Å"Anyone can be passionate, but it takes real lovers to be silly† (Rose Franken). It isreally true to describe the love between Jane and Rochester as depicted in the extractof Jane’s coming back to Thornfield in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Jane’s decision to return to Thornfield is so silly when she has no informationabout Thornfield and her beloved master. It is the voice that she heard inside herself gives her the bravery to come back to Thornfield. People just feel happy to reach their promising land if they know something bright is waiting for them there. Nevertheless,in this situation, Jane is even unsure if there is a place for her at Thornfield or not. Although the unreal voice is the only sign calling her back to Thornfield, Jane stilldecided to return. How nonsense it is to base on such an ambiguous voice to make upher mind. Even she asked herself: â€Å"was it a mere nervous impression-a delusion†? However, the voice is still a nature that she anchors to follow her heart. If that werenot her true love for Rochester, she would not make such a silly and risky decision tocome back to Thornfield. Jane wants to rush to Rochester immediately when she knows he is still alive butcripple. She said to the inn host â€Å"I’ll pay both you and him twice the hire you u

Matthew Parnitzke Essays (617 words) - Autodesk, Software

Matthew Parnitzke 2009 Orchard Place North Collins, New York 14111 (716) 548-2309 [emailprotected] CAREER OBJECTIVE: To enter the field of CADD and Architecture EDUCATION: North Collins Central High SchoolSeptember 2009 - June 2015 2045 School Street North Collins, NY 14111 Office: (716) 337-0101 Courses: English (Grades 9-11); Integrated Algebra; Geometry; Global History 1 and 2; US History; Economics; Government; Studio Art; Art Design; Earth Science; Living Environment; Environmental Science; French 1,2,3,4 and 5; Physical Education; Health; Yearbook Houghton CollegeSeptember 2015- June 2016 1 Willard Ave Houghton, NY 14744 Courses: BIBL 101- Biblical Literature, HIST 224- Latin American History since 1800, Principle of Statistics, Weight Training, THEL 232- Poverty, Wealth and the Christian Gospel, THEL- 310- Women, Men and the Image of God, PSY 111- Introduction to Psychology, WRIT 101- Writing in the Liberal Arts Erie Community CollegeSeptember 2016- Present 4041 Southwestern Blvd Orchard Park, NY 14127 Courses: DF-108 Tech. Graphics I/Autocad, CP-148 Basic Electricity, EN-110 English, DF-109 Tech. Graphics II/ Inventor, DF- 230 Intro. To Solidworks, DF- 235 Intro. To Pro Engineer, PH-190 Basic Physics, PH-191 Lab for PH190, DF-280-9B (49516) Descriptive Graphics, DF-282 Descriptive Graphics II, ME-114-0B (45436) Analytical Mechanics, DF-279-0B (44560) Systems Piping, EN-111-0I (44915) Comp Interp. of Lit, DF-222-9B (49515) 3-D Auto Cad Technical Education: W.D. Ormsby educational Center Erie-2 Chautauqua- Cattaraugus BOCES 1010 Center Street, East Aurora, New York, 14052 September 2013- June 2014 Erie Community College 4041 Southwestern Blvd Orchard Park, NY 14127 September 2016- Present Technical Education: Units of Study Geometric construction; Dimensioning; 3D Modeling; Scaling; Orthographic projection; Animation; Sketching; Mechanical drawing; Digital editing and painting; Technical Writing Software Skills: AutoCAD 2013-2018, SolidWorks 2013-2018, Adobe Photoshop 2011, Autodesk 3DS Max Design 2014, PTC Creo Parametric 3.0, Autodesk Inventor Professional 2016-2018, Microsoft Word 2010-2018, Microsoft Excel 2010-2018, and Microsoft PowerPoint 2010-2018 WORK EXPERIENCE: Aunt Millie's Family RestaurantFall 2014, 2016 Rout 5 20, Irving, NY 14081 (716) 432-0864 Responsibilities: Washing dishes, putting dishes away, busting tables, Prep. Cook, and deep fryer Village of North Collins DPWSummer 2016 Halley Rd, Brant, NY 14111 (716) 515-8926 Responsibilities: Picking up brush, Mowing the Village properties, black topping, plowing the sidewalks, water control McGard, LLC. Summer 2017 - Present 3875 California Rd, Orchard Park, NY 14127 (716) 662-6744 Responsibilities: Drafting Engineer: creating drawings, reverse engineering products, 3D printing test products INTERNSHIPS: Astronics Corporation September of 2015 130 Commerce Way, East Aurora, NY 14052 ED Specialty Stands, Inc. November 2015 2081 Franklin St, North Collins, NY 14111 McGard, LLC May 2017 - Present 3875 California Rd, Orchard Park, NY 14127 ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS: Most Improved Player- Varsity Basketball Student Government Member VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE: ED Specialty Stands, Inc. Intern. November 2015 Astronics Corporation Intern. September of 2015 The Crop Walk, St. Johns St. Paul's Lutheran Fall of 2015-2017 Houghton College Horse Trails Jump Judge Fall of 2017 INTERESTS: Basketball, Soccer, Guitar, CADD, Skateboarding, Longboarding, Hiking, Long distance running, 3D Printers, Photography Matthew Parnitzke 2009 Orchard Place North Collins, New York 14111 (716) 548-2309 [emailprotected] REFERENCES: Name:Ronald Pasqualetti Address:1010 Center Road, East Aurora, New York, 14052 Phone Number:(716) 652-8250 ext. 5107 Fax:(716) 652-8250 E-Mail:[emailprotected] Position:CADD Instructor, Orsmby Center Years Known:4 Name:Mike Perry Address:Halley Road, North Collins, New York, 14111 Phone Number:(716) 570-5991 Fax:- E-Mail:none Position:Former Employer Years Known:1 Name:Chris Awald Address:2195 Shirley Rd, North Collins, NY 14111 Phone Number:(716) 337-2272 Fax:none E-Mail:none Position:Awald's Farm Owner Years Known:3

Taiwan Interesting Facts and History

Taiwan Interesting Facts and History The island of Taiwan floats in the South China Sea, just over one hundred miles from the coast of mainland China. Over the centuries, it has played an intriguing role in the history of East Asia, as a refuge, a mythical land, or a land of opportunity. Today, Taiwan labors under the burden of not being fully recognized diplomatically. Nonetheless, it has a booming economy and is now also a functioning capitalist democracy. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Taipei, population 2,635,766 (2011 data) Major Cities: New Taipei City, 3,903,700 Kaohsiung, 2,722,500 Taichung, 2,655,500 Tainan, 1,874,700 Taiwans Government Taiwan, formally the Republic of China, is a parliamentary democracy. Suffrage is universal for citizens 20 years old and older. The current head of state is President Ma Ying-jeou. Premier Sean Chen is the head of government and President of the unicameral legislature, known as the Legislative Yuan. The President appoints the Premier. The Legislature has 113 seats, including 6 set aside to represent Taiwans aboriginal population. Both executive and legislative members serve four-year terms. Taiwan also has a Judicial Yuan, which administers the courts. The highest court is the Council of Grand Justices; its 15 members are tasked with interpreting the constitution. There are lower courts with specific jurisdictions as well, including the Control Yuan which monitors corruption. Although Taiwan is a prosperous and fully-functioning democracy, it is not recognized diplomatically by many other nations. Only 25 states have full diplomatic relations with Taiwan, most of them small states in Oceania or Latin America because the Peoples Republic of China (mainland China) has long withdrawn its own diplomats from any nation that recognized Taiwan. The only European state that formally recognizes Taiwan is Vatican City. Population of Taiwan The total population of Taiwan is approximately 23.2 million as of 2011. Taiwans demographic make-up is extremely interesting, both in terms of history and ethnicity. Some 98% of the Taiwanese are ethnically Han Chinese, but their ancestors migrated to the island in several waves and speak different languages. Approximately 70% of the population are Hoklo, meaning that they are descended from Chinese immigrants from Southern Fujian who arrived in the 17th century. Another 15% are Hakka, descendants of migrants from central China, mainly Guangdong Province. The Hakka are supposed to have immigrated in five or six major waves beginning just after the reign of Qin Shihuangdi (246 - 210 BCE). In addition to the Hoklo and Hakka waves, a third group of mainland Chinese arrived in Taiwan after the Nationalist Guomindang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to Mao Zedong and the Communists. Descendants of this third wave, which took place in 1949, are called waishengren and make up 12% of Taiwans total population. Finally, 2% of Taiwanese citizens are aboriginal people, divided into thirteen major ethnic groups. This is the Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Sakizaya, Tao (or Yami), Thao, and Truku. Taiwanese aborigines are Austronesian, and DNA evidence suggests that Taiwan was the starting point for the peopling of the Pacific islands by Polynesian explorers. Languages The official language of Taiwan is Mandarin; however, the 70% of the population who are ethnic Hoklo speak the Hokkien dialect of Min Nan (Southern Min) Chinese as their mother tongue. Hokkien is not mutually intelligible with Cantonese or Mandarin. Most Hoklo people in Taiwan speak both Hokkien and Mandarin fluently. The Hakka people also have their own dialect of Chinese which is not mutually intelligible with Mandarin, Cantonese or Hokkien - the language is also called Hakka. Mandarin is the language of instruction in Taiwans schools, and most radio and TV programs are broadcast in the official language as well. The aboriginal Taiwanese have their own languages, though most can also speak Mandarin. These aboriginal languages belong to the Austronesian language family rather than the Sino-Tibetan family. Finally, some elderly Taiwanese speak Japanese, learned in school during the Japanese occupation (1895-1945), and do not understand Mandarin. Religion in Taiwan Taiwans constitution guarantees freedom of religion, and 93% of the population profess one faith or another. Most adhere to Buddhism, often in combination with the philosophies of Confucianism and/or Taoism. Approximately 4.5% of Taiwanese are Christians, including about 65% of Taiwans aboriginal people. There are a wide variety of other faiths represented by less than 1% of the population: Islam, Mormonism, Scientology, Bahai, Jehovahs Witnesses, Tenrikyo, Mahikari, Liism, etc. Taiwans Geography Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, is a large island about 180 kilometers (112 miles) off the coast of southeast China. It has a total area of 35,883 square kilometers (13,855 square miles). The western third of the island is flat and fertile, so the vast majority of Taiwans people live there. In contrast, the eastern two-thirds are rugged and mountainous, and hence much more sparsely populated. One of the most famous sites in eastern Taiwan is the Taroko National Park, with its landscape of peaks and gorges. The highest point in Taiwan is Yu Shan, 3,952 meters (12,966 feet) above sea level. The lowest point is sea level. Taiwan sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire, situated at a suture between the Yangtze, Okinawa and Philippine tectonic plates. As a result, it is seismically active; on September 21, 1999, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake hit the island, and smaller tremors are quite common. Climate of Taiwan Taiwan has a tropical climate, with a monsoonal rainy season from January through March. Summers are hot and humid. The average temperature in July is about 27 °C (81 °F), while in February the average drops to 15 °C (59 °F). Taiwan is a frequent target of Pacific typhoons. Taiwans Economy Taiwan is one of Asias Tiger Economies, along with Singapore, South Korea, and Hong Kong. After World War II, the island received a huge influx of cash when the fleeing KMT brought millions in gold and foreign currency from the mainlands treasury to Taipei. Today, Taiwan is a capitalist powerhouse  and a major exporter of electronics and other high-tech products. It had an estimated 5.2% growth rate in its GDP in 2011, despite the global economic downturn and weakened demand for consumer goods. Taiwans unemployment rate is 4.3% (2011), and a per capita GDP of $37,900 US. As of March 2012, $1 US 29.53 Taiwanese New Dollars. History of Taiwan Humans first settled the island of Taiwan as early as 30,000 years ago, although the identity of those first inhabitants is unclear. Around 2,000 BCE or earlier, farming people from the mainland of China immigrated to Taiwan. These farmers spoke an Austronesian language; their descendants today are called Taiwanese aboriginal people. Although many of them stayed in Taiwan, others continued on to populate the Pacific Islands, becoming the Polynesian peoples of Tahiti, Hawaii, New Zealand, Easter Island, etc. Waves of Han Chinese settlers arrived in Taiwan via the off-shore Penghu Islands, perhaps as early as 200 BCE. During the Three Kingdoms period, the emperor of Wu sent explorers to seek islands in the Pacific; they returned with thousands of captive aboriginal Taiwanese. The Wu decided that Taiwan was barbaric land, not worthy of joining the Sinocentric trade and tribute system. Larger numbers of Han Chinese began to come in the 13th and then again in the 16th centuries. Some accounts state that one or two ships from Admiral Zheng Hes first voyage might have visited Taiwan in 1405. European awareness of Taiwan began in 1544 when the Portuguese sighted the island and named it Ilha Formosa, beautiful island. In 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan sent an armada to take Taiwan, but the aboriginal Taiwanese fought the Japanese off. Dutch traders also established a fort on Tayouan in 1624, which they called Castle Zeelandia. This was an important way-station for the Dutch on their way to Tokugawa Japan, where they were the only Europeans allowed in to trade. The Spanish also occupied northern Taiwan from 1626 to 1642 but were driven off by the Dutch. In 1661-62, pro-Ming military forces fled to Taiwan to escape the Manchus, who had defeated the ethnic-Han Chinese Ming Dynasty in 1644 and were extending their control southward. The pro-Ming forces expelled the Dutch from Taiwan and set up the Kingdom of Tungnin on the southwest coast. This kingdom lasted just two decades, from 1662 to 1683, and was beset by tropical disease and a lack of food. In 1683, the Manchu Qing Dynasty destroyed the Tungnin fleet and conquered the renegade little kingdom. During the Qing annexation of Taiwan, different Han Chinese groups fought one another and the Taiwanese aborigines. Qing troops put down a serious rebellion on the island in 1732, driving the rebels to either assimilate or take refuge high in the mountains. Taiwan became a full province of Qing China in 1885 with Taipei as its capital. This Chinese move was precipitated in part by increasing Japanese interest in Taiwan. In 1871, the Paiwan aboriginal people of southern Taiwan captured fifty-four sailors who were stranded after their ship ran aground. The Paiwan beheaded all the shipwrecked crew, who were from the Japanese tributary state of the Ryukyu Islands. Japan demanded that Qing China compensate them for the incident. However, the Ryukyus were also a tributary of the Qing, so China rejected Japans claim. Japan reiterated the demand, and the Qing officials refused again, citing the wild and uncivilized nature of Taiwanese aborigines. In 1874, the Meiji government sent an expeditionary force of 3,000 to invade Taiwan; 543 of the Japanese died, but they managed to establish a presence on the island. They were not able to establish control of the entire island until the 1930s, however, and had to use chemical weapons and machine guns to subdue the aboriginal warriors. When Japan surrendered at the end of World War II, they signed control of Taiwan over to mainland China. However, since China was embroiled in the Chinese Civil War, the United States was supposed to serve as the primary occupying power in the immediate post-war period. Chiang Kai-sheks Nationalist government, the KMT, disputed American occupation rights in Taiwan and set up a Republic of China (ROC) government there in October of 1945. The Taiwanese greeted the Chinese as liberators from harsh Japanese rule, but the ROC soon proved corrupt and inept. When the KMT lost the Chinese Civil War to Mao Zedong and the Communists, the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan and based their government in Taipei. Chiang Kai-shek never relinquished his claim over mainland China; likewise, the Peoples Republic of China continued to claim sovereignty over Taiwan. The United States, preoccupied with the occupation of Japan, abandoned the KMT in Taiwan to its fate, fully expecting that the Communists would soon route the Nationalists from the island. When the Korean War broke out in 1950, however, the US changed its position on Taiwan; President Harry S Truman sent the American Seventh Fleet into the Straits between Taiwan and the mainland to prevent the island from falling to the Communists. The US has supported Taiwanese autonomy ever since. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Taiwan was under the authoritarian one-party rule of Chiang Kai-shek until his death in 1975. In 1971, the United Nations recognized the Peoples Republic of China as the proper holder of the Chinese seat in the UN (both the Security Council and the General Assembly). The Republic of China (Taiwan) was expelled. In 1975, Chiang Kai-sheks son, Chiang Ching-Kuo, succeeded his father. Taiwan received another diplomatic blow in 1979 when the United States withdrew its recognition from the Republic of China and instead recognized the Peoples Republic of China. Chiang Ching-Kuo gradually loosened his grip on absolute power during the 1980s, rescinding the state of martial law that had lasted since 1948. Meanwhile, Taiwans economy boomed on the strength of high-tech exports. The younger Chiang passed away in 1988, and further political and social liberalization led to the free election of Lee Teng-hui as president in 1996.

Influence of Sports Science Disciplines on Gymnastics Essay

Influence of Sports Science Disciplines on Gymnastics - Essay Example Gymnasts need to consider the issue or factor of rotation as one of the elements of the achievement of performance success in gymnastics. The success in gymnastics has a direct relationship to the ability of the gymnast or athlete to somersault, twist, and illustrate the potentiality of combing both elements.  Consequently, the ability and potentiality of the athlete to execute these actions is largely the function of the technique to generate or develop substantial and sufficient angular momentum in the course of the take-off. During this process, it is ideal to utilize or exploit the momentum conversation principle, while participating in the sporting activities. In addition, it is vital to utilize the essence that the ‘total’ angular momentum consists of the sum of the angular momentum in relation to success the segments of the athlete. Third, it is critical for the athlete to exploit the potentiality of the angular momentum to reflect the product of the moment in r elation to inertia, as well as the angular velocity. Proper application of these ‘facts’ are essential for the achievement of success by gymnasts. The approaches or application of the facts enable gymnasts to enhance their abilities in the course of generating twists while transferring the angular momentum from one body part or axis to another. Similarly, the gymnasts have the ability and potentiality to increase, as well as decrease the rate of rotation with reference to the alteration of the body configuration.

HIV pandemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HIV pandemic - Essay Example As such, the prevalence of the HIV epidemic continues to traverse across all quarters of the globe although the burden of the epidemic varies considerably between regions and countries. The worst hit region in the world is Sub-Saharan Africa whereby nearly one in every 20 adults is living with HIV, accounting for 71% of people living with HIV across the globe (Sidibà ©, Zuniga and Montaner 6). I am exploring this epidemic of HIV because I want to sensitize people on the prevalence of the disease, as well as assist in instituting significant changes that might bring down the afore-mentioned statistics. HIV and AIDS is not a killer disease as purported across various platforms, but a preventable and manageable health condition that people can live with and still fulfill all their dreams, goals and aspirations in life (Bahcall 1159). HIV refers to Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome mostly known as AIDS. As such, when this virus infects a person, he or she gets weak and loses ability to fight other opportunistic infections including even cancer. Many people who have the HIV virus end up testing positive for AIDS after developing other opportunistic infections, especially after their immunity levels drop. As such, having the HIV virus does not always means that one has AIDS (Dodds 790). However, a person can live as many years as possible with this virus before developing AIDS. HIV and AIDS are not curable diseases. As such, due to increase on research and medication available today, it is possible for a person to live a normal life with minimal interruption in quality of life. HIV normally attacks and destroys the CD4 white blood cells commonly known as the T-cell whose main function is to fight diseases in the body. As such, when the immune system of T-cells reduces to a very low point, one loses the ability to fight infections in his or her body. However, several conditions arise for patients infected

Soc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Soc - Essay Example I once attended a celebration of a Chinese new year which they call Kung Hei Fat Choi which is really a different celebration of New Year from my culture. For one, the celebration was replete with firecrackers and loud noises in their belief to scare away bad omens. They also had a dragon dance which they believe to bring good luck and rounded foods. This type of celebration is considered alien to me because we do not do dragon dance in celebrating New Year nor prepare round foods. To explain my seeming alienation about Chinese New Year, I would like to bring about George Herbert Mead’s social psychological theory of relation among the mind that not all factors in my environment can influence how I think. I belong to _____(your primary group) as my primary group and ____(your formal organization) as my formal organization. I am basically comfortable with my primary group albeit it has no formal structure where other people of the group, including myself are just enjoying each other’s company. The formal group on the other hand is more structured and has an objective why it exists. It reflects the normative organization because there are rules that are expected to follow where its members are expected to conform. In the primary group, my status varies since the structure is informal. Sometimes I am the leader and opinion maker sometimes I am the follower depending on the situation. In the formal organization however, my status is labeled as a member because I am not an officer of that club. At the end of the game, I belonged to the middle class because I had enough property to sustain me in the game. The game basically made me realized that if you make enough investment early in the game, you will end up rich because when other players step into your property, they have to pay rent and this accumulates as the game goes. Having enough resources in the game made me realized that it will enable the player to

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919 â€Å"Homosexuality is incompatible with military service† reads the first sentence of the Department of Defence Directive (1332.14)[1]. Exploring this statement through events such as the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919, we can determine whether this idea was plausible or simply a stigmatised generalisation on sexuality. This scandal follows the specific persecution of homosexuals in the Navy, in particular focusing on the Newport naval base. Many found themselves caught up in the controversy, including none other than president-to-be Franklin Delano Roosevelt. What effects did this have on FDR’s future political career and his reputation as a whole? But also, how did the scandal help to concrete or redefine opinions on homosexuality and a homosexuals place in the navy? In 1919, at the naval base located at Newport, â€Å"a sailor with an ear for gossip and a hatred for homosexuals†[2] would spark a scandal surrounding the ill-moral persecution of ‘gays’. Under direct order – and arguably behaving in an agentic rather than autonomous state – naval soldiers would entrap local homosexuals, both within the neighbouring communities and the navy quarters itself. The aim was to engage in sexual gratification, namely by â€Å"accepting oral sex to completion†[3], in order to collect evidence against these men and provide a solid ground for the claim that homosexuality was spreading contagiously in Newport. After just three weeks of following out these orders â€Å"seventeen sailors were charged with sodomy and scandalous behaviour†[4]. However, the results of this ‘private’ and seemingly illegitimate investigation were not expected. Instead of shedding light on the supposed dangers homosexuality placed on the military and local community, the investigation found itself scandalised. The public alongside the media hit back at the investigation, claiming it was morally wrong to force naval soldiers to carry out such acts in this play of entrapment. Though, it seems that the penalties for this soured investigation were of no real weight with many of the players left to fade out of the scandal keeping their reputations intact. One of the main key players, Franklin Delano Roosevelt came under attack as a result of his involvement with the scandal, yet still he went on to become President of the United States. Just what role he played in the scandal is debated. As a result of â€Å"Navy Secretary Josephus Daniel’s absence†[5], Assistant Secretary of the Navy FDR was left to act in Daniel’s place. As a result many believe that it was with FDR’s backing and approval that the investigation made its way to the civilian population, at which point it moved from a â€Å"military matter to a public relations disaster†[6]. Seen as vital to the proceedings of the investigation FDR had â€Å"authorised an independent effort to expose and expel the homosexual†[7]. The word ‘expel’ highlighting that this was an attempt to rid the navy of a group of people seen by officials as alien and unsuited to the military forces. Additionally, it is claimed that FDR had agreed t hat the investigation needed to take place with the â€Å"aim of prosecuting those individuals responsible for the spread of degeneracy†[8]. Again, the word ‘degeneracy’ showing the threat homosexuals are perceived to hold in society, with degeneracy referring to the regression to a lower form of being. FDR continued to assert throughout the investigation that â€Å"he had not known of the tactics used in Newport†[9] claiming that the methods that were used in the investigation â€Å"were nothing he had time or inclination to oversee†[10]. However, despite FDR’s inclination to avoid involvement both the public and Congressional Investigation Committee failed to believe him. John Loughery claims that ‘few people believed [FDR] when the entrapment scandal broke’[11]. The report into the scandal claimed that FDR â€Å"must have realized that †¦ [navy] men had allowed lewd and immoral acts to be performed upon them†[12]. However, the scandal was not kept quiet by the Committee. Instead it had â€Å"blazed in headlines across America†[13] bringing FDR and other â€Å"prominent civilians, such as the Reverend Samuel Neal Kent†[14] to the public’s attention. Though the details of the scandal were often to crude and lurid to print – for example the New York Times stated â€Å"details unprintable†[15] regarding one case study – the media fire surrounding the scandal still blazed on a national scale. The Providence Journal was a prime text that helped to feed the fire with publisher John Rathom doing his best to â€Å"inflame public opinion†[16] in a paper that was already hugely â€Å"antagonistic to Secretary Daniels and the Wilson administration†.[17] Rathom would continue to attack FDR during his early political career. Yet, despite the width of coverage and the depth of criticism of the scandal and those involved, it seems that FDR got off with n othing more severe than a slap of the wrist. The Congressional Investigation Committee resulted in Daniels and FDR being rebuked, ‘sharply’ criticised for their behaviour. This was neither here nor there for FDR who had left his naval post in â€Å"July 1920 [†¦] accepting the Democratic Party’s nomination for vice-president†[18]. Despite FDR’s physical removal from the navy, the scandal was still criticised with the New York Times headline of July 1921 (a year after FDR left his post) reading ‘Charges of Immorally Employing Men’[19]. Note that the sympathy here is for the soldiers who had to suffer the ‘immoral acts’ as opposed to the treatment and entrapment of homosexuals. This lack of sympathy for the homosexual could be a result of many factors. At the time of the Newport sex scandal any physical relationship or act between men was considered a crime with the â€Å"perpetrators considered criminal perverts†[20]. Despite there not being any specific legislation or regulations in place at the time, this did not â€Å"prevent the U.S military from policing sexual conduct†[21]. In fact, perhaps the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 holds significance due to it being one of the first â€Å"systematic attempts to purge†[22] homosexuals in the military. However, the term ‘homosexual’ was not in general use during this time, the term itself had only come into being in the late nineteenth century amongst the psychiatric profession. More colloquial terms were used away from the professionalism of the psychiatric institutions. Instead, during the scandal we see words like â€Å"cocksuckers and rectum receivers†[23] displaying both the lack of use of the term homosexual, and also the hatred felt for this group of people. The sense of hatred towards homosexuals can be seen in terms of everyday life and also in the wider context of the war. â€Å"Homosexuals had always served in the armed forces†[24] but the problem came when their sexuality was brought to light. Newport had a â€Å"notorious homosexual population†[25] in 1919, with these overtly flamboyant resident sailors calling themselves â€Å"the Ladies of Newport†[26]. Often wearing ladies clothing and calling themselves by women’s names, these men and their alter-ego’s seemed threatening with locals feeling â€Å"in danger of being morally corrupted†[27]. In a wider context, homosexuals seemed to pose a threat not just to locals but to the community at large. It seemed that a â€Å"non-procreative population was in the very process of appearing during the war: [as] homosexuals were entering the public discourse†[28]. Both locally and nationally homosexuality was become a symbol for degeneracy in several spheres. Homosexuality found itself to be central in a Venn diagram consisting of society, psychiatry, the military and even the law in terms of its relationship with degeneracy. Therefore due to their status homosexuals involved in the scandal suffered a much heavier fate then their entrappers. The majority of homosexuals that were caught as a result of the scandal were imprisoned, however it appears that all those entrapped were released and â€Å"allowed to resume their civilian lives†[29] by the 1920’s. Yet their punishment did not stop there, the entrapped found themselves casted out of their society and were left to find their way to a new life bound to the stigmatised label of ‘homosexual’. It is clear the â€Å"the source of outrage against the operation was that good sailors were being force to commit immoral acts [†¦] and were made ‘perverts by official order’†[30], the fate of the homosexual posed no real conce rn. The scandal poses a wider significance due its association with World War I, or as it was then known ‘The Great War’. It is almost inevitable to look at The Newport Sex Scandal in isolation while it sits so close to the end of the War, in fact it was only a few months after signing the armistice that FDR found himself in an embarrassing position over Newport. There seemed to be a â€Å"desire in the years immediately after World War I to excise from American society elements seen as unhealthy or impure†[31] such as the influence of homosexuals in both the navy and society. The Newport Sex Scandal reflects this desire in its illegitimate proceedings and moral negligence, this idea of ‘whatever it takes’. For many U.S citizens and exemplaries, World War I had â€Å"promised to do more [†¦] their hope was that national virility would be reaffirmed and domestic uncertainties put to rest†[32]. Yet, it seemed that the war didn’t offer the se condolences to the American nation. Instead it heightened the distinction between groups of society and pressed for harsher procedures and legislation against those that were deemed outsiders. Of course, this segregation and categorisation was emphasised further still by the growing influence of the psychiatric profession at the time which had seen itself move from the arts to the sciences at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, this act of persecution against specific groups in society was not native to Newport. The Newport Scandal was joined by an increase in other radical groups and ideas of the time. It appeared that the post-war era saw â€Å"heightened anti-Catholicism, the revitalization of the Ku Klux Klan, and, not coincidentally, increased lynching and demands to limit immigration†[33]. More specifically, an earlier scandal in 1912 at Portland had seen prominent citizens arrested due to involvement â€Å"in a sex ring at the local YMCA†[34]. The American nation was following ideas of natural selection and degeneracy into a world of stigmatisation, seclusion and discrimination. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was just one small scale aspect of this new world, and the almost dismissal (with regards to lack of punishment) of the authorities involvement shows just how easy it was to get away with such persecutions. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 seemed to only hold short-term significance for FDR himself, with the report only being made public after the 1920 election in which he found himself elected vice-president. During this campaign Rathom (publisher of the Providence Journal) continued to â€Å"accuse Roosevelt of mishandling allegations of sex crimes in the navy†[35]. The scandal did not seem to damage FDR’s reputation extensively, though at the time he â€Å"came to be held responsible for the very thing he had sought to prevent: the homosexualisation of the U.S Navy†[36]. While the scandal continued to unfold during FDR’s early political career he won in the long run, capturing the Presidency thirteen years later in 1932. Throughout his time as President of the U.S he held â€Å"relatively stable approval ratings†[37] hovering around the 50-60% mark and winning four elections in succession for his party. He would find himself â€Å"remembered among t he most influential Americans†[38]. But, FDR’s success came partly as a result of the manipulation of the military system by which the officers were protected and their reputations kept in-tact. It can be argued that â€Å"never was adequate punishment meted out to those who perpetrated the campaign†[39] as all those who held authority in the scandal including FDR – had their involvement played down. Perhaps, then, the long-term significance of this scandal can be found in its place in the history of homosexuality. As a result of the reports surrounding the investigation into the Newport Sex Scandal, â€Å"many learned for the first time of a homosexual community in America†[40]. It seemed that the scandal was one of the first to unfold the real extent and reach of the homosexual community. It seemed that â€Å"almost nothing was known about gay life in America before Newport†[41]. At the beginning of the century it seemed that the assumptions made about gay life in America had been â€Å"governed by the concept of the ‘closet’ and related notions of invisibility†[42]. But how were these assumptions changed by the Newport Scandal? As a result of events such as The Newport Scandal in context with the War, homosexuality came to be seen as a â€Å"model for decitizenship†[43]. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was – as Lawrence Murphy claims â€Å"the most extensive systematic persecution of gays in American History†[44]. However this persecution of gays had been occurring since the Revolutionary War with homosexuality being â€Å"grounds for exclusion and discharge from the U.S Military†[45] right up until the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policies were introduced. But, what makes the Newport Scandal so important is the publicity it held on a national scale. The richness of the scandals documentation has also proven significant in the â€Å"understanding and development of sexual identity, the course of homophobia and the urgent mainstream wish to ignore gay presence in American society†[46]. The scandal also holds significance in its contribution to legisla tion surrounding the homosexual. While it wasn’t until World War II that specific legislation was introduced, after this we see the emergence of lesbian and gay movements in which â€Å"military policy became the subject of both protest and legal change†[47]. However, despite its contribution to the development of the homosexual â€Å"the Newport Scandal, [remains] largely forgotten†[48]. Minus the occasional play such as David Foleys 2012 production ‘A Hole in the Fence’[49], which is surprisingly a comedy based on the Newport Sex Scandal, it seemed that the media coverage and interest faded rather quickly. By the time FDR reached his presidency in 1932 it seemed that the â€Å"Newport men and their sexually active entrappers, including Roosevelt’s part in the affair were ancient history.†[50] FDR walked out of the scandal seemingly un-tarnished and would go on to become more popular than ever before in the public eye. Bibliography Primary Sources Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence Books John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007). Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013). Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008). John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998). Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988). Articles Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999). Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984). Websites Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [1] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p. 301. [2] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [3] Ibid. [4] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013), p.71. [5] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998), p. 7. [6] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [7] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 32. [8] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [9] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [10] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [11] Ibid, p. 7. [12] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, The Providence Journal , ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [13] Ibid. [14] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [15] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007), p. 106. [16] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 11. [17] Ibid, p. 11. [18] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, p. 71. [19] Ibid, p. 71. [20] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [21] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [22] Ibid, p. 300. [23] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988), p. 25. [24] Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999), p. 181. [25] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, p. 106. [26] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [27] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [28] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.31. [29] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 13. [30] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.32. [31] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984) p.57. [32] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 4. [33] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I, p.57. [34] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [35] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [36] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [37] Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx [38] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [39] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 2. [40] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [41] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 284. [42] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.14. [43] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [44] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [45] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [46] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.3. [47] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [48] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [49] David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence [50] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 12.